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Conclusion

The sensitivity analysis implies that the small populations of lions are very fragile to risk factors like abnormal sex ratios, increased community kills and disease epidemics with high impact, but at certain critical levels, these risk factors have less effect on the population. This therefore calls for rigorous management actions to be undertaken to keep the factors at their lowest levels.

Because of this, Uganda Wildlife Authority has entered into partnership with various stakeholders and management interventions have been put in place. Collaborations have been formed with academic institutions like Makerere University through the Lions Project, conservation NGOs like CARE, external donor agencies like the Federation of Dutch Zoos's help that has funded the lion project activities between 1997 and 2004; the African Lion Working Group through sharing of information. The plan for these collaborative management interventions is to improve the survival rates of lions, so that an increase in the populations can be achieved. This has so far been done and will still be through research, community involvement in lion conservation, and donor support is a critical factor in this. Above all, the Uganda Wildlife Authority would like to emulate the experiences of the neighboring countries in the Southern and Eastern Africa, where lion populations are economically self-sustaining.

 

References
Din, N.A. (1978). Notes on two Lion Prides Near Mweya in the Rwenzori national Park, Uganda. Parkistan Journal of Zoology, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 133-138.


Driciru M., (1999). Lions of Queen Elizabeth, their population and health status. Lion Project report, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Makerere university, Kampala


Driciru M., (2003). The large predators of Murchison Falls National Park, population, health, and attitudes of the local community towards them. Lion Project report, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala


Driciru, M., Siefert L., Prager, K. C., Dubovi E., Sande R., Princee F., Friday T., Munson L. (2004). A Sero-survey for viral infections in lions from Queen Elizabeth National Park. In Press: Journal of Wildlife Diseases


Driciru M., (2005). Predictive population viability of lions in Murchison Falls National Park. MSc. Dissertation, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala


EPED, 1999. Environmental Protection and Economic Development Project.


Significance and Feasibility Analysis of Bugungu Wildlife Reserve. Agricultural Cooperative Development International Volunteers in Overseas Cooperatives Assistance, Kampala, Uganda.


Hofmann-Lehmann R, Fehr D., Grob M., Packer C., Martenson J.S., O'Brien SJ., and


Lutz H. (1996). Prevalence of antibodies to feline parvovirus, herpes virus, calici virus, coronavirus, and immunodeficiency virus and of feline leukemia virus antigen and the interrelationship of these viral infections in free ranging lions in East Africa. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 3:149.


Kadoi K, Kiryu M, Iwabuchi M, Kamata H, Yukawa M, and Inaba Y. (1997). A strain of calici virus isolated from lions with vesicular lesions on the tongue and snout. New microbiology, 20:2, 141-8.


Lamprey, RH. (2000) Aerial Counts of Wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park and Murchison Falls National Park, 1999-2000.

 

Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala Ogutu lO., and Dublin H.T. (1998). The response of lions and hyenas to sound playbacks as a technique for estimating population size. African Journal of Ecology. 36:83-95.


Pennyquik C.J., and Rudnai l.A. (1970). A method of identifying individual lions, Panthera leo, with an analysis on reliability of identification. J Zool. Lond. 160: 497 - 508.


Rwetsiba, A., Lamprey, RH., Tumwesigye, C. and Aleper, D. (2002) Aerial total counts of elephants in Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area and Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Uganda, May 2002. Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, and CITES-MIKE Nairobi.


Rwetsiba, A., Wanyama, F. (2005) Aerial surveys of medium -large mammals in Kidepo Valley Conservation Area and Murchison Falls Conservation Area Sommerlatte, M. & Williamson, D. (1995) Aerial Survey of the Murchison Falls National Park,the Karuma Game Reserve and the Bugungu Game Reserve, April 1995. Report to Murchison Falls National Park Rehabilitation Project, GTZ, Kampala.


Sutherland, W.J. (1996). Ecological census techniques. 9:260-1.


Van Orsdol K.G. (1981). Lion predation in Rwenzori National Park. PhD. Thesis. Cambridge University UWA. Uganda Wildlife Authority (1999). Wildlife Protected Area System Plan for Uganda, draft 2, April 1999, Kampala, Uganda


Mills, M,G.L, and Hofer, H., (1998). Population size, Threats and Conservation status of Hyaenas. Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzereland and Cambridge, U.K.


Nowell, K., and Jackson, P. (1996). Wild Cats: Status Survey and conservation action plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.


Olivier R.CD. (1990). Management plan for Queen Elizabeth National Park (not published). Uganda National Parks, Kampala.


Schaller G.B. (1972). The Seregenti lion: A study of predator - prey relations. Univ. of Chicago, Chicago.


SOE, (2001). State of the Environment Report for Uganda 2000/2001, National Environment Management Authority, Kampala, Uganda.


Stander, P. E. (1997). The Ecology of lions and conflict with people in north-eastern Namibia. In Proceedings of a Symposium on Lions and Leopards as Game Ranch Animals.


Roelke-Parker M.E., et ai. (1996). A canine distemper virus epidemic in Serengeti Lions. Nature, 1996 Feb 1,379: 441 - 445.


Siefert L., (2003). Lion project report for Queen Elizabeth. Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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